Meh, there’s really no overarching governing body regarding this. At academic facilities, most operations are primarily performed by residents (completed medical school and are doctors, but not specialized) and medical students (not yet doctors). All this is done under the license of the attending doctor. It’s increasingly common for surgeries to be performed by NPs (who can get degrees online), PAs (this requires 3 years of in person work), or surgical assistants (few weeks certificate course). It’s all based on the level of comfort of the attending physician. If he/she was directly overseeing the daughter drilling and ensured sterile technique, probably not the cause of the patient being “unable to work”. That’s probably more so due to that fact that TBIs suck.

Seriously doubt it. Elective surgeries were likely cancelled, which could certainly prolong suffering for some, but life saving surgeries can absolutely happen and do without computers.